What are the three principles of defensive driving?

The three principles of defensive driving are anticipation, perception, and action, which together create a proactive driving approach designed to enhance safety on the road.

Anticipation involves predicting possible hazards or situations that could arise while driving—such as the actions of other drivers, pedestrians, or road conditions. By anticipating these events, you are better prepared to react appropriately.

Perception is the ability to accurately interpret environmental cues and conditions while driving. This means being aware of your surroundings, understanding traffic signals and signs, and gauging the behavior of other road users. A solid perception allows drivers to make informed decisions quickly.

Action refers to the driver’s ability to respond effectively once a hazard is identified. This includes executing the right maneuvers, such as braking, accelerating, or changing lanes, to avoid accidents or mitigate risks.

Together, these principles form the foundation of defensive driving, allowing drivers to minimize dangers and maintain control, ultimately contributing to safer roadways. Other options may present relevant concepts, but they do not capture the core elements that define defensive driving as effectively as anticipation, perception, and action do.